Countries

Spain is a proper noun referring to the European country on the Iberian Peninsula. In everyday use, it denotes the nation, its people, language, and culture. The term is primarily used in English contexts and is capitalized, with stress on the first syllable.

Sudan is a proper noun referring to the country in northeast Africa. It commonly appears in geopolitical, historical, and travel contexts, and is pronounced with two syllables in English. The name originates from the Arabic term for “land of the blacks” and is often used in reference to the country’s geographic and cultural identity.

Suriname is a country in South America whose name is also used for its people and language. As a noun, it refers to the nation and its inhabitants, or to matters relating to Suriname. The pronunciation is important to avoid confusion with similar-sounding places and to reflect proper regional pronunciation in conversation and media.

Sweden is a proper noun for the Nordic country in Northern Europe. It refers to the kingdom with its capital Stockholm, known for its design, industry, and welfare system. The word denotes a place name and is used in formal and informal contexts alike.

Switzerland is a landlocked alpine nation in central Europe, known for its multilingual culture, precise governance, and scenic landscapes. The word denotes the country and, by extension, its people, culture, and institutions. In everyday use, it refers to the nation itself as a proper noun in formal and informal contexts.

Syria is a country in the Middle East on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. In English, it is typically pronounced with two syllables and stress on the first: /ˈsɪr.i.ə/ (US) or /ˈsɪr.i.ə/ (UK/AU). The name derives from ancient times and is used as a proper noun in political and geographic contexts. It is commonly referred to as a nation-state in modern discourse, distinct from broader regional historical references.

Taiwan is a proper noun referring to the island nation off the coast of southeastern China, officially called the Republic of China. It denotes a sovereign-leaning state with a distinct political and cultural identity, though its international recognition is complex. In everyday English, Taiwan is used to name the country, people from Taiwan, and its languages and products.

Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and China. The name combines Tajik (referring to the Tajik people and language) with -istan, a Persian-derived suffix meaning “land” or “place.” The term is used for the nation, its government, and nationality, and is pronounced with stress on the second syllable in English usage.

Tanzania is a country in East Africa, bordered by Kenya, Uganda, and the Indian Ocean. The term refers to the mainland region once known as Tanganyika, plus the island of Zanzibar. It is widely used in formal and informal contexts to name the nation, its people, and its cultures.

Thailand is a Southeast Asian country known for its vibrant culture, cuisine, and tropical landscapes. The word refers to the nation’s name in English, often used as a proper noun in travel, geography, and international discourse. In everyday speech, it’s pronounced with two syllables and a light secondary stress on the first syllable.

Togo is a proper noun referring to a West African country and, in some contexts, a shortened personal name. It is also used in geopolitics and travel writing to denote the nation or its people. The word is pronounced with two stressed syllables, typically /ˈtoʊɡoʊ/ in English, producing a clear, two-beat rhythm.

Tonga is a short, multi-use term that may refer to a country or to various cultural and linguistic contexts. In geography, it often denotes the nation composed of about 169 islands in the South Pacific. In other uses, it can be a proper noun or a loanword in different languages. The core meaning centers on a place-name or identifier rather than a common noun.

Tunisia is a North African country on the Mediterranean coast, with a diverse history that blends Arab, Berber, and French influences. The word itself refers to the country, used as a proper noun. In English, Tunisia is pronounced with three syllables, stressing the second: tu-NI-sia, and the name is often spelled with capital T. This entry provides precise pronunciation guidance and usage tips for clear, native-like speech.

Turkey is a noun referring to a large, edible bird native to North America, and also to the country straddling Europe and Asia. In everyday language, it denotes the bird used in meals, especially holiday feasts, and secondarily the nation referred to in geopolitical contexts. The term is often paired with words like roast, Thanksgiving, and poultry.

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia, bordered by the Caspian Sea to the west and sharing borders with several former Soviet states. It has a rich history rooted in ancient civilizations, nomadic cultures, and a strong sense of national identity. The term represents the land and its people, language, and political entity.

Tuvalu is a Polynesian island nation in the Pacific Ocean, consisting of nine atolls and one reef island. The name Tuvalu originates from the languages of the islands and is commonly pronounced with a light, evenly stressed rhythm. In English, it is treated as a two-syllable proper noun, often anglicized in stress and vowel quality. The pronunciation remains fairly stable across contexts, though regional speakers may slightly adjust vowel length.

Uganda is a proper noun referring to a landlocked East African country. In everyday use it designates the nation and its people, culture, and institutions. The term is pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable and follows typical English stress patterns for two-syllable country names borrowed from languages in the region.

Ukraine is a sovereign nation in Eastern Europe. The term refers both to the country and, in other contexts, to Ukrainian people or things related to Ukraine. In pronunciation, the name is stressed on the first syllable and typically pronounced /juːˈkreɪn/ in English, with subtle vowel and consonant nuances depending on accent.

Vanuatu is a sovereign island nation in the South Pacific Ocean consisting of approximately 80 dispersed tropical islands. As a proper noun, it denotes the nation and its people, with a pronunciation that places the stress on the final syllable. It is used in formal and academic contexts as well as in travel writing and news reporting.