Cities

Beirut is a proper noun referring to the capital city of Lebanon. It is pronounced with three syllables in most dialects: Be-i-rut, and functions as a location name in news, travel, and cultural contexts. The word carries distinct Arabic-rooted phonology in original usage, but in English it’s adapted with stress on the second syllable in many varieties.

Belfast is a proper noun referring to the capital city of Northern Ireland. In everyday speech it denotes the city itself, its people, or things associated with Belfast. The name is used in formal and informal contexts, including journalism, travel, and culture.

Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia, located at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. As a political, cultural, and economic hub, it has a long, layered history dating from ancient times to the present. The name reflects a merging of two words meaning “white city” in Turkic and Slavic origins, though the current form is modernized in several languages.

Berlin is a proper noun referring to Germany’s capital city. It denotes the urban center known for its history, culture, and politics. In pronunciation, the stress is usually on the first syllable, and the initial consonant cluster is simple, with a final "n" that often blends with the preceding nasal in fluent speech.

Bern is a proper noun referring to the capital city of Switzerland, or sometimes used as a surname. It denotes a specific place name rather than common nouns, and in pronunciation emphasizes a single stressed syllable with a clear initial consonant followed by a short vowel. In English discourse, it often appears in geopolitical, travel, and historical contexts.

Birmingham is a proper noun for a major city in the West Midlands of England, and also a city in Alabama, USA. In contexts outside Britain, it can refer to any city named Birmingham. The term is used in both everyday and formal references, including discussions of history, culture, and travel. It carries regional associations and pronunciation variations depending on speaker origin.

Bogotá is a proper noun referring to the capital city of Colombia. In English, it’s commonly spelled with the accent on the second syllable and often anglicized in pronunciation, though many speakers attempt a closer Spanish rendering. The term carries international use in travel, news, and geopolitics, and its pronunciation can reveal familiarity with Spanish phonology and dialectal variation.

Bonn is a proper noun referring to the western German city (capital of North Rhine-Westphalia’s Cologne region). In English, it’s typically used as a name for the city or as a surname; its pronunciation is short, nasal, and vowel-light, with a rounded onset. The word functions as a place-name and can appear in discussions of geography, history, or travel. The capitalized form signals a proper noun.

Bratislava is the capital city of Slovakia, a proper noun used to name the country’s largest municipality and cultural hub on the Danube. In English, it’s pronounced as a place name borrowed from Slovak, and it’s commonly encountered in travel, politics, and international discourse. The pronunciation highlights a Slovak linguistic setting while conforming to English phonotactics for clear intelligibility in conversation.

Bremen is a proper noun referring to a major city in northern Germany, known as a federal state’s own urban region and home to old mercantile history. In English, it is pronounced as a two-syllable place-name, typically with initial stress followed by a clear 'men' or 'mə-ˈbrɛm' sound, depending on accent. It functions as a city name used in geography, travel, and cultural contexts.

Brussels is the capital city of Belgium and a major political and cultural hub in Europe. In pronunciation contexts, it refers to both the city itself and, by extension, items associated with it (e.g., Brussels sprout). The noun typically denotes location, governance, or cultural identity linked to Belgium’s seat of government.

Bucharest is the capital city of Romania, a major political, cultural, and economic hub in Eastern Europe. The noun refers to the city itself and is used in contexts ranging from travel to geopolitical discussion. The name is of Romanian origin and is widely recognized internationally, with local pronunciations often differing from English adaptations.

Budapest is the capital and largest city of Hungary, known for its historic architecture, thermal baths, and cultural scene. The name refers to the union of Buda and Pest on opposite sides of the Danube River. In everyday use, it designates the city as a cultural and administrative hub and a major travel destination.

Cairo is the capital city of Egypt, a major political and cultural hub in the Middle East and North Africa. As a proper noun, it denotes a specific location, pronounced with a two-syllable name that starts with a strong KI-rah sound, reflecting Arabic origin and Anglicized adaptation. In usage, it appears in travel, history, and geopolitical contexts, often in formal writing or journalism.