2 syllables: de, clined. Stress on clined.
dik-LEYEND
/dɪˈklaɪnd/
declined is pronounced dik-LEYEND (/dɪˈklaɪnd/). It has two syllables (de-clined), with the stress on "clined". Declined is the past tense and past participle of decline, meaning to have become smaller, weaker, or less likely; it can also mean a polite refusal. In pronunciation, the word has a two-syllable structure with initial stress on the second syllable in common conversational use (de-CLINED), though some speakers may reduce the first syllable slightly in fast speech.
Declined is the past tense and past participle of decline, meaning to have become smaller, weaker, or less likely; it can also mean a polite refusal. In pronunciation, the word has a two-syllable structure with initial stress on the second syllable in common conversational use (de-CLINED), though some speakers may reduce the first syllable slightly in fast speech.
- You’ll tend to flatten the /ɪ/ to a quick schwa in fast speech; work to keep it as a clear /ɪ/ so the /d/ and /l/ are clean. - Some learners insert a /t/ or /d/ to the end, saying /dɪˈkltx/; focus on the /nd/ cluster. - Dropping the /l/ can cause a wobbly sound; ensure the /l/ is an actual light L before the /nd/.
"The offer was declined after a lengthy review."
"Her health declined over the winter."
"Sales declined sharply in the third quarter."
Pronounce as dɪˈklaɪnd with secondary stress on the first syllable only if you’re emphasizing contrast; normally the primary stress is on the second syllable. The mouth starts with a short, lax /ɪ/ then moves to a long diphthong /aɪ/ for the /klaɪ/ portion, followed by the final /nd/. IPA: US/UK/AU: dɪˈklaɪnd. You’ll close your lips briefly for the /d/ and keep teeth together for the /l/.
Common errors: (1) treating it as declined with a hard /t/ or /t/ sound—avoid replacing /d/ with /t/. (2) Stressing the first syllable (de-CLINED vs DE-clined) — keep primary stress on the second syllable. (3) Mispronouncing the /aɪ/ as a short /ɪ/ or /eɪ/; use the diphthong /aɪ/ as in 'fly'. Correct by slow practice: dɪ-ˈklaɪnd, then blend quickly.
US/UK/AU share the /dɪˈklaɪnd/ pattern, but rhoticity can affect the preceding vowel quality: US vowels often have a slightly more rounded /ɪ/ than UK; UK speakers may show a marginally clearer /l/ and a crisper /d/; AU tends toward a relaxed final consonant with less enunciation of /d/ in rapid speech. The primary stress remains on /klaɪnd/. IPA remains the same; subtle vowel quality changes are the main differences.
The difficulty lies in the two-syllable structure with the diphthong /aɪ/ in the second syllable and the final /nd/ cluster. Some speakers reduce or blend the first vowel, leading to de-CLINED vs dɪˈklaɪnd. The /l/ and /d/ are adjacent consonants at the end, making a precise touch between tongue and palate important. Pay attention to the transition from /aɪ/ to /nd/ to avoid a mispronunciation like /nd/ without the preceding /aɪ/**.
Is the /ɪ/ in the first syllable fully reduced in fast speech, or is it preserved as a quick vowel? In careful speech you’ll often hear dɪˈklaɪnd with a short /ɪ/. In casual speech, some speakers lightly reduce it to a schwa, becoming ˈklaɪnd with less emphasis on the first syllable; however, meaning remains the same. The key is ensuring the diphthong remains /aɪ/ and the /nd/ lands cleanly.
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- US: rhotic lifestyle means the /r/ is absent here, but it’s similar to /dɪˈklaɪnd/ in US and AU; UK: /dɪˈklaɪnd/ with clear non-rhotic vowel; AU: vowel quality closer to US but with slight upward vowel height; - Vowel: /ɪ/ in first syllable is short; /aɪ/ is a tight diphthong; - Consonants: /l/ is light, not dark; /d/ is dental-alveolar; - Linking: in connected speech, you might hear /dɪˈklaɪnd tɪə/ in a sentence with next word starting with a vowel.
Declined traces its roots to the Latin word clīnīre, meaning to incline or lean; via Old French descleiner or descer, and ultimately from Latin inclinare, to bend or lean. In Middle English, decline entered as a verb to bend away, refuse, or decrease, often in religious or formal contexts. The core semantic shift centers on movement away from a path (to refuse, to fail, or to drop). By early modern English, decline carried both literal meanings (to bend, to slope) and figurative senses (to weaken, to deteriorate, to refuse an offer). The modern past tense declined retained both the numerical sense (numbers decline) and volitional sense (a person declines an offer). The pronunciation has remained relatively stable, with the stress pattern typically on the second syllable in common speech, though some speakers may place secondary emphasis or reduce the first syllable in rapid speech.
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💡 These words have similar meanings to "declined" and can often be used interchangeably.
🔄 These words have opposite meanings to "declined" and show contrast in usage.
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Words that rhyme with "declined"
-ned sounds
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