Chiropractic

Spondylolysis is a medical term for a stress fracture in one of the pars interarticularis bones of the vertebra, most often in the lumbar spine. It’s used in orthopedics and radiology to describe a specific pars fracture pattern that can cause low back pain, especially in young athletes. The term combines Greek roots referring to the vertebra and a breaking or splitting (lysis).

Spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the spine, typically involving intervertebral disc wear and bone spur formation. It commonly presents as chronic neck or back pain and reduced mobility due to arthritis-like changes in the spinal joints. The term covers various degenerative spinal diseases, including osteophyte development and facet joint osteoarthritis, that accumulate with age.

A long anatomical noun referring to a major neck muscle that runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process behind the ear. It flexes and rotates the head and is commonly discussed in medical, anatomy, and fitness contexts. Its pronunciation is challenging due to its multiple syllables and precise consonant clustering.

Subluxation is a medical term for a partial dislocation of a joint, where the bones are misaligned but not completely separated. It implies incomplete displacement with potential joint instability and pain. The word is used across clinical contexts, including orthopedics and physical therapy, to describe a partial, abnormal joint position that may require assessment or intervention.

Subscapularis is a medical noun referring to one of the rotator cuff muscles located on the anterior surface of the scapula. It functions primarily to medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint. In anatomy contexts, it’s often discussed alongside the other subscapular muscles and their tendinous insertions.

Supraspinatus is a narrow muscle located on the upper back, part of the rotator cuff that helps lift the arm. It originates above the spine of the scapula and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. Clinically it stabilizes the shoulder joint during movement, especially in initial arm elevation. The term denotes anatomy rather than function in common speech.

Talus is a technical anatomical term referring to the ankle bone that forms the joint between the leg and the foot; in humans, it is the large, central bone of the ankle, articulating with the tibia, fibula, and calcaneus. It is also used in geology to describe a donkey-tail-shaped talus slope of rock debris at the base of a cliff. The word originates from Latin and is used primarily in medical contexts, biomechanics, and anatomy.

Temporal as an adjective mainly refers to time or the timing of events, and in anatomy to the temples on the head. In academic contexts it contrasts with spatial, describing duration, sequence, or timing in processes. It can also denote relation to the temple region in anatomy or to the everyday experience of time. Common phrases include temporal data, temporal sequence, and temporal lobe in neuroscience.

Temporomandibular is an adjective describing the jaw joint region or related structures, especially the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It’s often used in medical or dental contexts to discuss disorders, anatomy, or procedures involving the jaw. The term is lengthy and typically appears in professional writing or clinical discussions rather than casual speech.

Tensor refers to something that stretches or tightens, or a mathematical object that maps vectors to vectors in linear algebra. In science, it often denotes a quantity related to tension or a field of multidimensional arrays. The term appears in physics, engineering, and geometry contexts, and its pronunciation is straightforward in most accents.

Teres is a plural noun of Latin origin rarely used in English, typically appearing in anatomical contexts to refer to flat, rounded anatomical structures or to denote multiple small triangular structures in certain organisms. In modern usage, it can also appear as a proper name. The term is specialized and infrequently encountered outside medical or scholarly texts. It is pronounced with two syllables and a soft initial emphasis, often requiring careful articulation in technical discussions.

Thoracolumbar is an anatomical adjective describing the region spanning the thoracic (upper/mid-back) and lumbar (lower back) spine. It characterizes structures, injuries, or procedures that involve both the thoracic and lumbar areas. The term is commonly used in medical contexts such as imaging, orthopedic planning, and surgical approaches.

Tibia is a long, shinbone in the human leg or in various animals, serving as the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It forms the inner part of the leg between knee and ankle and plays a key role in movement and load transfer. The term also appears in anatomy, dentistry, and zoology contexts, referring specifically to this bone or a bone-like structure in other species.

Tibialis is a term used in anatomy to describe muscles near the shin, notably the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior. It functions in foot and ankle movements such as dorsiflexion and inversion. The word is of Latin origin and is primarily used in scientific or clinical contexts to name these muscles or related structures.

Transversus refers to something situated or lying across another structure; in anatomy, it often describes muscles that run obliquely or across a region. The term is used in anatomical names (e.g., muscle transversus abdominis) and in other technical contexts to indicate transverse orientation. It conveys a crosswise placement rather than longitudinal alignment. The word is of Latin origin and is typically used in specialized jargon rather than everyday language.

Trapezius is a broad, upper-back and neck muscle that stabilizes and moves the scapula and head. In anatomy contexts it denotes a paired muscle extending from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic spine and out to the shoulder blade, responsible for movements such as shrugging the shoulders and tilting the head. It’s a technical term used in medical, fitness, and biomechanics discussions.

Triceps refers to the large muscle group on the back of the upper arm, consisting of three heads. It is also used in anatomy to describe any muscle with three points of origin. The term is common in medical, fitness, and sports contexts, and is pronounced with a crisp, final- syllable emphasis on the first syllable. Overall, it denotes primary elbow extension and arm stability.

Ulna is a long, slender bone on the medial side of the forearm, parallel to the radius. It forms the elbow joint with the humerus and the wrist joint with the carpal bones. The term is used in anatomy and clinical contexts to specify this specific forearm bone.