Sikhism is a monotheistic world religion founded in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia by Guru Nanak and nine successive gurus. It emphasizes devotion to one God, honest living, equality, and service to humanity. The term denotes the faith, its community (Sikhs), and its distinctive practices and beliefs.
"Sikhism has a rich tradition of devotional music and communal service."
"She studied Sikhism to better understand the cultural practices of Punjab."
"The festival of Vaisakhi is a major celebration in Sikhism."
"Sikhism teaches the principle of equality and justice for all people."
Sikhism derives from the Punjabi word Sikh, meaning student or disciple, with the suffix -ism forming a belief-system or movement. The root 'Sikh' comes from the Sanskrit sabhya/śiṣya lineage related to discipline and instruction, via Punjabi. The term emerged in the 15th–16th centuries as Guru Nanak and his successors articulated a distinct religious identity, separating their devotion from Hinduism and Islam while integrating devotional practices, scripture, and community life. Early references to Sikhs and Sikhism appear in 16th-century texts, but the formal articulation of Sikhism as a religion solidified around the compilations of the Guru Granth Sahib (completed by the early 18th century). The term has since traveled globally with diaspora communities, remaining closely tied to Khalsa identity and the Gurmat philosophy. In contemporary usage, Sikhism denotes the faith, its scripture, institutions, and global community of adherents.
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Words that rhyme with "Sikhism"
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Pronounce it as SI-kih-zuhm, with primary stress on the first syllable. IPA: US UK AU: /ˈsɪ.kɪz.ɪm/. The 'kh' is not a separate sound here; it's the 'k' plus a light 'h' in the transliteration. The second syllable reduces to an unstressed 'z' sound followed by 'im'.
Common errors include stressing the second syllable (si-KHIZ-um) and pronouncing an overt 'kh' sound as a hard 'k' with no breathiness. Another mistake is merging syllables into SI-chi-ism with an unclear vowel in the middle. Correction: maintain two clear vowels in the first and second syllables: /ˈsɪ.kɪ.zɪm/; ensure the 'kh' is represented by a light aspirated release on the final 'k' and lightly pronounce the middle 'i' as a short, unclear vowel.
In US and UK, the word is typically /ˈsɪ.kɪ.zɪm/ with two short vowel sounds and a crisp 'z' in the middle. American speakers may reduce the final syllable slightly, while UK speakers keep it more discrete. Australian pronunciation is similar but may have slightly more vowel length in the first /ɪ/ and a softer final /m/. Overall, the rhotics and vowel quality are the main differences.
The challenge lies in the sequence /ˈsɪ.kɪ.zɪm/: a short, closed front vowel in both the first and middle syllables, a voiced fricative /z/ in the penultimate position, and a final syllable with a light nasal /m/. The aspiration in the 'kh' transliteration is often misrepresented; remember there is no heavy cough-like breath; instead, keep a quick, soft release. Also, the stress on the first syllable is essential for natural pronunciation.
A unique feature is the prominence of a short, clipped second syllable in English pronunciation, with the 'z' acting as the central sonority between two vowels (ɪ and ɪ). The 'kh' digraph does not correspond to a hard aspirated 'kh' as in Hindi; in Sikhism, it’s effectively an alveolar release with a light breath. This combination can surprise learners who expect a more pronounced 'kh'.
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