past
/pæst/
past is pronounced past (/pæst/). Past is a short, single-syllable word meaning 'before now' or referring to a previous time or event. It also functions as a preposition or adjective related to former periods or points in time. In phonology, it is produced with a clear final /t/ after a short, lax vowel, and its meaning is highly context-dependent in tense, aspect, and narrative description.
Past is a short, single-syllable word meaning 'before now' or referring to a previous time or event. It also functions as a preposition or adjective related to former periods or points in time. In phonology, it is produced with a clear final /t/ after a short, lax vowel, and its meaning is highly context-dependent in tense, aspect, and narrative description.
"We looked at the past to understand our mistakes."
"She walked past the old church without noticing it."
"In the past decade, technology has transformed many industries."
Pronounce it as /pæst/ (US) or /pɑːst/ (UK). Start with a short, relaxed lax vowel, then release into a crisp /s/ before the final /t/. Your lips should be rounded slightly for /p/ and the blade of the tongue should strike the alveolar ridge to form /t/. In careful speech, end with a precise /t/; in fast speech, the /t/ may be unreleased. Audio references: Cambridge and Oxford dictionaries provide native speaker audio; try listening for the exact vowel length and final stop.
Common mistakes: 1) Substituting a long /æ/ or an /ɒ/ vowel (like /pɒst/ in UK) when the standard is a shorter lax /æ/ or /ɑː/ depending on accent; 2) Dropping the final /t/ in rapid speech, giving /pas/; 3) Overemphasizing the /s/ before /t/ leading to an /st/ cluster that sounds unnatural. Correct by aiming for a crisp alveolar stop /t/ immediately after the /s/ with no vowel in between, and practice short vs. long vowel variants in context.
US tends to use /pæst/ with a shorter vowel; UK commonly /pɑːst/ with a longer, open aɪ vowel depending on regional accent; Australian often /pæst/ similar to US but with stronger diphthong reduction and a slightly higher tongue position. The rhoticity does not affect this word much, but vowel length and quality shift; UK may have less rounding and a back vowel; AU tends toward a centralized vowel pre-tensing. IPA references capture these subtleties: US /pæst/, UK /pɑːst/, AU /pæst/.
The difficulty lies in coordinating a brief vowel with a crisp alveolar stop followed by a voiceless alveolar sibilant and final /t/. Small changes in mouth opening, tongue blade position, and timing affect vowel quality and the abrupt stop onset of /t/. In connected speech, the /t/ can be unreleased or assimilated before a following consonant, which can blur the boundary. Mastering a clean /pæst/ or /pɑːst/ without vowel intrusion helps clarity.
Past uniquely hinges on the short vs long vowel choice and the clear final /t/. In some dialects, a lightly aspirated /p/ release can affect the perception of the entire word; some speakers may insert a subtle vowel between /s/ and /t/ in fast speech. The key is crisp alveolar /t/ and maintaining the /s/ friction before the stop; keeping the mouth relaxed but precise ensures you don’t produce a post-vocalic voice that muddies the final consonant.
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Past traces its lineage to Old French passé, from Latin pastus ‘fed, eaten,’ related to pas, pass-, ‘step, go, pass,’ though the semantic shift to ‘gone by’ or ‘before now’ emerges in early Middle English via the sense of ‘gone by time’ rather than nutritional connotations. The syntactic use as a preposition and adjective evolved through general Romance influence on English vocabulary, with the noun/adjective/adverbial forms converging in the late Old English to Early Middle English period. The core sense centers on time that has already occurred, and the term became the standard descriptor of events or periods antecedent to the present moment. First known written attestations appear in a variety of legal and narrative texts in the 13th century, solidifying its functional versatility across multiple grammatical roles in Modern English. Over centuries, ‘past’ broadened from a spatial sense (toward/behind) to a temporal one, while retaining its utility in phrases like past due, past tense, or go past. The word’s resilience lies in its compact form and adaptable collocation with prepositions, verbs, and adjectives that signal temporal relationship.
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💡 These words have similar meanings to "past" and can often be used interchangeably.
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Words that rhyme with "past"
-ast sounds
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