Mohenjo-Daro is an ancient Bronze Age city of the Indus Valley Civilization, dating to roughly 2500–1900 BCE. It is situated in present-day Pakistan and is renowned for its sophisticated urban planning, grid layout, and impressive citadel complex. The term refers to the archaeological site as well as the culture associated with it, often cited in studies of early urban development.
- US: rhotic final /roʊ/; keep /oʊ/ as a rounded diphthong, with the tongue higher in the first element. - UK: slightly less rhotic ending; the /roʊ/ may be a shorter, crisper glide. - AU: tends to be closer to US, but with broader vowel qualities; the /oʊ/ can be less diphthongized. - Pay attention to the /dʒ/ cluster; keep a crisp stop before the affricate. Use IPA as guide and listen to native recitations to tune vowel quality.
"Researchers excavated Mohenjo-Daro to uncover one of the world’s earliest urban centers."
"The name Mohenjo-Daro often appears in discussions of ancient civilizations and archaeology."
"Tour guides highlight Mohenjo-Daro’s grid pattern and standardized brick sizes."
"Scholars debate the functions of various ramps and baths discovered at Mohenjo-Daro."
Mohenjo-Daro is a name from the Sindhi language, often transcribed from the older British-era spelling Mohenjo-daro with a hyphen. The first element is commonly linked to Mohen jo, a local toponym whose exact meaning is debated, but is usually associated with a mound or hill (jo meaning hill in Sindhi). The second element, Daro, is widely interpreted as ‘water’ or ‘river,’ reflecting the city’s proximity to the Indus River and its distributaries. The site was excavated in the 1920s and 1930s after the discovery of the Indus Valley metropolis, and the name has since become a canonical label for the archaeological culture. Over time, scholars have standardized the spelling in English as Mohenjo-Daro, sometimes Mohenjo-daro, to preserve pronunciation and avoid misreading. The phrase has entered global discourse as a symbol of early urban planning and social complexity, with references in both academic literature and popular history. The etymology thus reflects both linguistic heritage (Sindhi) and the geographic-structural identity of the site, tying language to landscape and urban form. Historical usage of the term begins with excavation reports in the 1920s, followed by broader scholarly publications and museum catalogues, consolidating Mohenjo-Daro as a focal point of Indus Valley studies.
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💡 These words have similar meanings to "Mohenjo-Daro" and can often be used interchangeably.
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Words that rhyme with "Mohenjo-Daro"
-rdo sounds
Practice with these rhyming pairs to improve your pronunciation consistency:
🎵 Rhyme tip: Practicing with rhyming words helps you master similar sound patterns and improves your overall pronunciation accuracy.
Pronounce as /ˌmoʊˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ/ (US) or /ˌməʊˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ/ (UK). Break it into four syllables: mo-HEHN-jo/DA-ro? Actually: mo-REN? Wait. Correct breakdown: mo-HEHN-jo-DA-ro? The trusted approach: /ˌmoʊˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ/. Emphasize the second syllable of the first word: mo-HEHN. The “jo” is like yo in Yoda’s pronunciation but shorter. The final -ro is stressed lightly. Listen to authoritative sources and practice slowly: moʊ-ˈdʒɛn.də-ɹoʊ. Use IPA to position the front vowel rounded lips for /oʊ/ and the affricate /dʒ/.” ,
Common errors include misplacing the stress (treating it as four even syllables) and mispronouncing /dʒ/ as /j/ or /z/. Another frequent mistake is treating /ɒ/ or /oʊ/ as a pure single vowel instead of the diphthong /oʊ/; keep your lips rounded and glide from /o/ to /ʊ/-like quality. Also, try not to insert an extra syllable between 'jo' and 'Da'—pronounce as four distinct syllables mo-hedge? Instead: mo-ˈdʒɛn-ˌdo-ˌɹo. Use minimal pairs and plug the line into a sentence to lock rhythm.
In US English, /ˌmoʊˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ/ with a rhotic /ɹoʊ/ at the end and a clear /dʒ/ cluster. UK English tends to reduce final vowels slightly, but keeps /ˌməʊˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ/ with less rhoticity in some speakers. Australian often sounds closer to rhotic US but with broader vowel qualities; the /oʊ/ diphthong may sound more centralized. Pay attention to the vowel quality in /oʊ/, the mid-front /ɛn/ and the final /oʊ/. All share the same consonants but vary in vowel height and rhotic timing.
The difficulty comes from the multi-syllabic proper noun with a consonant cluster /dʒ/ after a syllable boundary and a tricky /r/ that varies by accent. The second vowel is a short /e/ in /dʒɛn/ which can be misarticulated as /dʒeɪ/ or /den/. The final -o may be pronounced as /oʊ/ or /əro/ depending on speaker, and the overall rhythm is four even syllables so many learners compress it. Practice with controlled tempo and emphasize four-syllable rhythm to avoid slurring.
The key is anchoring the second syllable of the first word: /ˈdʒɛn/ in moˈdʒɛn.dəˌroʊ; keep the /dʒ/ as a single affricate, not a /j/. Break after the first syllable mo-, then deliver /ˈdʒɛn.də/ with light, unstressed cohesion before the final /roʊ/. Use your tongue blade to articulate /dʒ/ sharply and ensure the final /roʊ/ has a clean, rounded /oʊ/ glide.
🗣️ Voice search tip: These questions are optimized for voice search. Try asking your voice assistant any of these questions about "Mohenjo-Daro"!
- Shadowing: listen to a short clip, repeat in real-time, matching intonation and tempo. - Minimal pairs: mo-ˈdʒɛn-də vs mo-ˈdɛn-də to train /dʒ/ vs /d/; - Rhythm: practice four-syllable rhythm with a steady beat: mo-ˈdʒɛn.də-ˌroʊ; speed progression from slow to fast. - Stress: practice placing primary stress on the second syllable of Mohenjo-Daro; use claps to mark syllables. - Recording: record your attempts, compare to a native speaker; adjust mouth shapes based on audio cues.
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