2 syllables: in, fringed. Stress on fringed.
in-FRINJD
/ˌɪnˈfɹɪndʒd/
infringed is pronounced in-FRINJD (/ˌɪnˈfɹɪndʒd/). It has two syllables (in-fringed), with the stress on "fringed". Infringed is the past tense of infringe, meaning to violate or break a law, rule, or right. It conveys a formal or legal tone, typically used when describing actions that overstep boundaries or contravene rights. The word often appears in legal, policy, or formal discussion contexts and implies an acknowledged or asserted breach rather than a hypothetical one.
Infringed is the past tense of infringe, meaning to violate or break a law, rule, or right. It conveys a formal or legal tone, typically used when describing actions that overstep boundaries or contravene rights. The word often appears in legal, policy, or formal discussion contexts and implies an acknowledged or asserted breach rather than a hypothetical one.
- You may hesitate or merge the /ndʒ/ sequence, producing an /nʒ/ or /ndʒ/ slur that muddies the syllable boundary. Focus on releasing the /ndʒ/ as a single, tight cluster rather than letting the chain blur. - Another common error is misplacing emphasis or softening the /ɪ/ vowel in the stressed syllable; ensure the second syllable carries the strong stress and the vowel remains crisp. - Finally, many learners drop or alter the final /d/ after /dʒ/, sounding like infringje or infring’s; practice capping the final /d/ to maintain the past tense clarity. Correction tips provided.
"The contractor claimed he had not infringed on the client's intellectual property."
"The court ruled that the suspect infringed on the company’s patents."
"By continuing to use the software after a notice, you may have infringed the license terms."
Pronounce as inˈfrɪndʒd. The stress falls on the second syllable: in-FRING-ed. The core consonant cluster is /frɪndʒ/. The final -ed is /d/ after the /dʒ/ sound, so you hear /ɪndʒd/ in connected speech. Begin with a short, crisp vowel in the first syllable: short i as in “sit,” then a strong /fr/ onset, then /ɪndʒ/ before the final /d/.
Common mistakes include mispronouncing the /frɪndʒ/ cluster, especially turning /fr/ into /f/ or dropping the /dʒ/ element, and misplacing the /t/ or not clearly releasing the final /d/ in -ed. To correct: ensure you articulate /fr/ as a single onset, pronounce /ɪ/ as a short vowel, clearly produce /ndʒ/ with a quick /n/ before the /dʒ/ and finish with a crisp /d/. Practice the sequence in isolation before integrating into sentences.
US/UK/AU share /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/. The main differences lie in the vowel quality of the first stressed syllable and the rhoticity. US tends to rhotize /ɹ/ in surrounding vowels and has a slightly tenser /ɪ/; UK typically has a shorter, clipped /ɪ/ and non-rhotic r behavior, though in careful speech the /r/ is rarely pronounced. Australian usually merges vowels toward a more centralized /ɪ/ and often features a lighter /ɹ/ or non-rhoticity in careful speech. The final /d/ remains, with possible devoicing in rapid speech across all regions.
The difficulty centers on the /frɪndʒ/ cluster, where the alveolar /n/ sits between the /f/ and /dʒ/, requiring precise articulation to avoid voicing or blending errors. The /dʒ/ is a voiced palato-alveolar affricate that can blur with /tʃ/ or /ʒ/ for non-native speakers. Maintaining the stressed second syllable and sharp release of /dʒ/ in rapid speech—while keeping the preceding /ɪ/ crisp—poses a common challenge.
Is the final -ed pronounced as a separate /d/ sound here, or does it sometimes assimilate to /t/ in faster speech? In infringed, the final -ed is typically pronounced as /d/ after the /dʒ/ cluster: /ɪndʒd/. In rapid or casual speech, some speakers may shorten it slightly or produce a weaker /d/, but the standard: /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/. Keep a clear, audible /d/ to preserve correct word form.
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- US: Rhotic influence is subtle; keep /ɹ/ non-fully pronounced in adjacent vowels, but in careful speech you’ll hear a clear /ɹ/ before vowels. The stressed syllable has a clear /ɪ/ rather than a lax vowel. - UK: Typically non-rhotic; avoid linking r to the following word and aspirate the /t/ if it appears; the /ɪ/ in the stressed syllable is clipped. - AU: Often more centralized vowel quality; maintain the /ɪ/ as a short, tight vowel, and avoid over-enunciating the /dʒ/; keep final /d/ crisp. IPA references: US /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/, UK /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/, AU /ɪnˈfrɪndʒd/.
Infringed derives from infringe, which comes from the Latin infringere, from in- ‘not, in’ + frangere ‘to break, to strike’. The Latin verb infringere originally meant to bruise or break into, or to intrude. In Middle English, the term evolved under influence from Old French enfrindre, later becoming infring- in the sense of breaking into someone’s rights or boundaries. The form infringed appears as the past tense in the 14th–16th centuries as legal discourse grew, with the root sense narrowing toward violation of rights or laws. The modern sense is firmly anchored in law and policy, where “infringement” denotes an act that encroaches on protected rights, particularly intellectual property, contract terms, or regulatory boundaries. First known uses surface in medieval legal texts and administrative decrees, but the precise sense of breaching rights formalized through later jurisprudence, especially with the rise of statutory copyright and patent regimes in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, infringed is common in legal judgments, copyright claims, and policy analyses, often preceded by modifiers such as “clearly,” “allegedly,” or “unintentional.”
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Words that rhyme with "infringed"
-ged sounds
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