4 syllables: in, cu, ba, tion. Stress on ba.
ing-kyoo-BAY-shuhn
/ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃən/
incubation is pronounced ing-kyoo-BAY-shuhn (/ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃən/). It has four syllables (in-cu-ba-tion), with the stress on "ba". Incubation refers to the process of keeping something in favorable conditions to develop or mature, often used for biological growth or the period during which something is incubated (such as a disease or idea). It can also mean the act of sitting or lying in wait to allow growth, development, or formation to occur. The term spans biological, medical, and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing gradual, controlled development.
Incubation refers to the process of keeping something in favorable conditions to develop or mature, often used for biological growth or the period during which something is incubated (such as a disease or idea). It can also mean the act of sitting or lying in wait to allow growth, development, or formation to occur. The term spans biological, medical, and metaphorical contexts, emphasizing gradual, controlled development.
"The chicken remained in the coop during incubation, keeping warm until the eggs hatched."
"Researchers studied the incubation period of the virus to determine when patients became contagious."
"The company’s incubation phase focused on nurturing startups with mentorship and funding."
You say /ˌɪn.kjuˈbeɪ.ʃən/ (US) or /ˌɪŋ.kjuˈbeɪ.ʃən/ (UK). The primary stress is on the third syllable, beɪ, with secondary stress on the first syllable. Start with a light, short /ɪ/ then a clear /n/ followed by /kju/ (the /j/ glide after /k/), then /ˈbeɪ/ emphasizing the diphthong, and end with /ʃən/. Audio reference: pronounce in Cambridge/Oxford dictionaries or Forvo samples for natural intonation.
Common errors include misplacing the stress (placing it on the second syllable, as in /ˌɪnˈkjuːˈbeɪ.ʃən/), mispronouncing the /kju/ cluster as two separate sounds instead of a /k/ followed by /ju/, and swallowing the final /ən/ into /n/ or /ən/ as a reduced vowel. Correct by maintaining /ɪn/ at the start, using the /kju/ glide clearly, stressing /beɪ/ and keeping the final /ʃən/ distinct, with a light schwa before the n.
US typically /ˌɪn.kjuˈbeɪ.ʃən/ with a less rhotic starting vowel and a clear /j/ after /k/. UK often has a slightly tighter /ɪŋ.kjuˈbeɪ.ʃən/ with a crisper /t/ not relevant here; AU follows similar to US but with flatter intonation and sometimes a longer /ː/ in the first syllable due to vowel length shifts. Emphasis remains on the /beɪ/ syllable; the /ɪn/ may be shorter in some varieties.
The difficulty lies in the /kju/ consonant cluster after the initial /n/, requiring a precise /k/ release followed by a /j/ glide, and in sustaining the diphthong /eɪ/ as part of /beɪ/. Additionally, three-syllable rhythm with secondary stress on the first syllable and strong primary stress on the third can trip speakers into weakening the mid syllables. Practice the transition between /n/ and /kju/ and the /ˈbeɪ/ stress.
There are no silent letters in incubation; but the challenge is the multisyllabic stress pattern: the word carries a primary stress on the third syllable and a lighter secondary stress on the first, creating a four-syllable rhythm that can slip into a flatter prosody in rapid speech. Ensure you articulate /ɪn/ with a crisp /n/, mark /kju/ as a single sequence, and keep /beɪ/ prominent before the final /ʃən/.
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Incubation comes from Latin incubare, meaning to lie upon or brood, from incubus (a demon) or more generally to brood. The phrase stems from the practice of birds brooding eggs, which requires warmth and protection to develop. In English, incubation has been used in a biological sense since the 17th century, reflecting the period when eggs are kept warm to develop into embryos. Over time, the term broadened to encompass medical and metaphorical uses: the time span in which a disease incubates before symptoms appear, or a development phase in business and technology startups, where ideas are nurtured until they reach readiness. The word maintains its core sense of controlled growth within protective conditions, whether a nest, a laboratory, or a startup accelerator, emphasizing patience and environment as crucial to maturation.
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Words that rhyme with "incubation"
-ion sounds
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