2 syllables: et, al. Stress on et.
ET-al
/ˈɛt æl/
etal is pronounced ET-al (/ˈɛt æl/). It has two syllables (et-al), with the stress on "et". etal is a Latin abbreviation meaning “and others,” used mainly in citations and academic lists. It signifies inclusion of co-authors or items not individually named. In English, it’s typically seen as a formal, bracketed or parenthetical tag and is pronounced as two or three syllables depending on style, often assimilated quickly in speech.
etal is a Latin abbreviation meaning “and others,” used mainly in citations and academic lists. It signifies inclusion of co-authors or items not individually named. In English, it’s typically seen as a formal, bracketed or parenthetical tag and is pronounced as two or three syllables depending on style, often assimilated quickly in speech.
"The study was conducted by Smith, Jones, et al. (et al. 2020) to include collaborating researchers."
"The references cited, et al., indicate additional contributors without naming them all."
"In the manuscript, authors list their names first, followed by et al. to denote others."
Pronounce as two syllables: /ˈeɪ.təl/ in US and UK English, rhyming roughly with “eight-tell.” The stress falls on the first syllable. Keep the second syllable light and short, almost a schwa-like sound: /tə/. Mouth positions: start with a mid-front vowel /eɪ/ with the tongue slightly raised, then glide to /t/ followed by a reduced /əl/ or /əl̩/. In some academic speech, you may hear /ˈiː.tæl/ if spoken quickly, but standard usage remains /ˈeɪ.təl/. Audio references: You can check reputable dictionaries and scholarly audio guides for the precise two-syllable rhythm and the subtle vowel reduction in the second syllable.
Common errors: 1) Treating it as a three-syllable word (eɪ-tally) instead of two; 2) Over-articulation of the second syllable, making it sound like /eɪ.tæl/ rather than a reduced /təl/; 3) Misplacing the stress (placing it on the second syllable). Correction: say /ˈeɪ.təl/ with primary stress on /ˈeɪ/ and a quick, light /təl/; reduce the second syllable to a soft schwa followed by l. Practice with a slight reduction: /ˈeɪ.təl/ rather than /ˈeɪ.tæɫ/.
In US/UK/AU, the base pronunciation is similar: /ˈeɪ.təl/ (US/UK) with a reduced second syllable. Rhoticity affects preceding context more than et al. itself; US speakers may clearly release /ɹ/ elsewhere, but et al. remains non-rhotic in practice when isolated. Australian English tends to maintain a similar two-syllable rhythm but may slightly shorten the second syllable and reduce vowel length. The main difference lies in vowel quality of the first syllable: American /eɪ/ can be tenser, UK /eɪ/ slightly shorter; the /ɜː/ or /ə/ realizations in fast speech may shift toward /ə/ or /ɫ/ in some dialects.
Because it features a two-syllable structure with a stressed first vowel and a reduced second syllable, many speakers inadvertently over-articulate the second syllable or treat it as /eɪˈtæl/ or /ˈiː.tæl/. The challenge is achieving a crisp /ˈeɪ/ on the first syllable and a quick, light /təl/ that avoids a heavy final vowel. Focus on reducing the second syllable to /təl/ with a soft schwa or syllabic /l/. Mastering the rhythm—strong first syllable, quick, subdued second—helps it sound natural in academic speech.
Yes. The dominant pattern is primary stress on the first syllable: /ˈeɪ.təl/. No secondary stress is typically assigned. In dense academic syntax, the word often sits in a list; you’ll hear it released quickly mid-sentence with minimal vowel length in the second syllable. Some speakers may slightly lengthen the first vowel to emphasize the term in a formal citation, but standard practice remains strong stress on the first syllable with a reduced, quick second syllable.
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Et al. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia, meaning “and others.” The full phrase combines et (“and”) with alia (“others,” neuter plural). The form et al. emerged in scholarly writing in Latin-dominated scholarship and later adopted into English academic styles, especially in references with multiple authors. Historically, Latin abbreviations like et al. provided a compact way to credit contributors without listing every name, aligning with conventions in legal, scientific, and scholarly documents. The use of et al. became common in the 18th and 19th centuries as academic publishing expanded, with style guides such as Chicago, MLA, and APA standardizing its application in bibliographies. Over time, writers adopted et al. in parenthetical citations and bibliographic entries, preserving the Latin form due to tradition and the compactness of the abbreviation. The two-letter form “et al.” is the most common rendering in modern English texts, though some style guides discourage trailing punctuation or require periods after each letter depending on the guide. First known use is difficult to pinpoint, but Latin abbreviations were widespread well before the medieval period and were perpetuated in scholarly Latin and vernacular writing to save space and maintain formal tone.
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💡 These words have similar meanings to "etal" and can often be used interchangeably.
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Words that rhyme with "etal"
-lat sounds
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