Complexity refers to the quality or state of being intricate or complicated, often describing systems, problems, or ideas with multiple interconnected parts. It conveys the level of difficulty in understanding, predicting, or managing something, and implies nonlinearity or breadth of components that interact in nuanced ways. In practice, it highlights the challenge of simplifying or modeling complexity itself.
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"The complexity of the software module made debugging challenging."
"Researchers study the complexity of ecological networks to understand how species interact."
"The presentation collapsed under the weight of its own complexity, losing the audience."
"Engineering teams aim to reduce complexity to improve maintainability and reliability."
Complexity derives from the Late Latin complexus, meaning “a surrounding, a braid, or entwined,” formed from com- “together” + plectere “to weave.” The English form complexity appeared in the 17th century, initially in mathematical and philosophical contexts to describe the state of being composed of many interconnected parts. Over time, the word broadened to general usage for anything involving a web of interdependent factors, tasks, or ideas. The core sense remains tied to intertwining elements that resist simple explanation; the word evolved from a primarily abstract or technical term into common parlance across disciplines, from computer science and systems engineering to sociology and psychology. First known uses appear in scholarly discourse before propagating into mainstream language as complexity often denotes nonlinearity, emergent properties, and the challenge of reductionist explanations.
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Words that rhyme with "complexity"
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You say /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ in US English, with the primary stress on the second syllable: com-PLEX-i-ty. UK English is /kəmˈplek.sɪ.ti/ with a similar stress pattern. The first syllable is unstressed and reduced to a schwa, while the middle syllable carries the strongest emphasis. In Australian English, pronouncing the same as US/UK is common, with no rhotic r and similar vowel qualities. Focus on the /ˈplek/ or /ˈplɛk/ cluster, then a light /sɪ/ before the final /ti/. Audio references: consult Cambridge/Oxford pronunciunciations for native nuance.
Common errors include over-stressing the third syllable, producing /ˈkɒmˌplɛkˈsɪti/ with awkward secondary stresses, or splitting the word into too-slow syllables, e.g., /kəm-PLEK-sə-ti/ with a misplaced emphasis. Another frequent error is pronouncing the final -ty as a strong syllable (/tiː/ or /ti/ instead of a quick /ti/). Correct approach: keep the stress on the second syllable, use a light, quick –i- in the third syllable, and finish with a unstressed /ti/. IPA guidance: US /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/; UK /kəmˈplek.sɪ.ti/.
In US English, /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ with a clear /ɛ/ in the stressed syllable. UK English tends to keep /e/ closer to /eɪ/ in some dialects but generally /ˈplek/ remains compact; non-rhoticity affects the immediate vowel flow but not the core stress. Australian English resembles US/UK with non-rhotic pronunciation and a centralized /ɪ/ in the penultimate syllable. The main differences lie in vowel quality of /ɛ/ vs /e/, and subtle vowel durations, not in rhythm or stress. Use listening practice across corpora to capture local nuances.
Two main challenges: a) the cluster /plɛk/ after an unstressed schwa leads to a rapid, tight consonant sequence that can blur if spoken too quickly; b) two consecutive unstressed syllables after the stressed one require efficient reduction of vowels to /ɪ/ and /ə/ without losing clarity. The result is a precise timing pattern: unstressed‑unstressed‑stressed‑unstressed. Focus on the middle /plɛk/ to avoid overemphasizing the entire word.
Not typically. In complexity, the syllable boundary after com is strong, and you pronounce com- as an unstressed prefix with a clear /kəm/; there is no deliberate linking between com and complexity that would produce a /m/ liaison. The main audible feature is the strong secondary stress on the second syllable and a crisp /plɛk/ followed by /sɪ/ and a final /ti/.
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