Capital refers to a city that serves as the seat of government, or to wealth in the form of money or assets used for production. It also denotes uppercase letters in writing. In economics, capital represents assets that can be invested for income or growth. The term can describe principal sum or resources owned by an individual or organization.
"The capital of France is Paris."
"The company is seeking capital to expand its operations."
"She saved her capital to start a new business."
"The capital letter at the beginning of a sentence is essential in proper writing."
Capital comes from Old French capital, from Latin capitalis ‘of the head, principal,’ from caput ‘head.’ The Latin root caput also yielded words like captain and capitalized. In medieval and early modern usage, capital referred to top or chief status, rank, or an asset of value. The shift to “money or wealth sufficient to fund ventures” began in the late Middle Ages as merchants and monarchies spoke of capital as the principal funds available for business or war. In English, the word broadened to include capital cities, where the seat of government resides, reflecting the idea of ‘head’ or ‘top’ place of power. By the 17th–18th centuries, capital also meant ‘principal amount of money or assets’ in commerce and finance, a usage that expanded with industrial capitalism. First known use in English dates to the 14th century, with semantic extensions into linguistics (capital letter) and modern economics. The word’s proficiency across contexts hinges on its core sense: primary, head or chief status, or wealth that can be employed strategically.
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💡 These words have similar meanings to "Capital" and can often be used interchangeably.
🔄 These words have opposite meanings to "Capital" and show contrast in usage.
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Words that rhyme with "Capital"
-tle sounds
Practice with these rhyming pairs to improve your pronunciation consistency:
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Pronounce /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/. The main stress is on the first syllable: KA-pih-tuhl. The middle vowel is a short /ɪ/ (like in kit) and ends with a schwa-like /ə/ in rapid speech, before a light /l/ at the end. Think: KA-pih-tuhl. You can reference audio examples from Pronounce or Cambridge for native timing. IPA: US /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/, UK /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/, AU /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/.
Two common errors: (1) misplacing the stress on the second syllable (ca-PI-tal) by overemphasizing the middle vowel; (2) making the final syllable sound like ‘tal’ with a full /əl/ rather than a lighter /təl/ or /təl/ in fast speech. Correction: keep the primary stress on the first syllable and reduce the middle vowel to a quick /ɪ/ or schwa before the final /təl/. Practice with slow, then normal tempo. IPA cues: /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/.
US/UK/AU share the same primary stress pattern: /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/. The main differences lie in vowel quality and rhotics. In US English, /ɹ/ is rhotic; the /ɪ/ in the middle tends to be shorter and the final /əl/ may be a lighter, more schwa-like /əl/. UK English typically features a slightly more precise /ɪ/ and a crisper final /l/ with less vowel reduction. Australian English is non-rhotic in many speakers; some say /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/ with a lighter /ɫ/ and a more centralized vowel in the second syllable. IPA references: US /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/, UK /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/, AU /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/.
Challenges include the short, quick /ɪ/ in the second syllable and the final /əl/ sequence, which can drift toward a silent or near-silent /ɚ/ in rapid speech. The mouth must prepare for a light, alveolar /t/ followed by a soft /əl/; many learners overemphasize the last syllable, producing /-təl/ as a fuller vowel. Focus on stable first-syllable stress and a brief middle vowel, then a clean, light final /əl/.
No, not in standard pronunciation. All three syllables are pronounced as /ˈkæ.pɪ.təl/ with a clear short /æ/ in the first, a quick /ɪ/ in the second, and a final /əl/ cluster. Issues arise from vowel reduction or elision in rapid speech, where the /ɪ/ may be reduced toward a schwa and the /l/ may be light or blurred. Maintain full syllabic integrity on carefully spoken speech to avoid mispronunciation.
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