Anhydride is a chemical compound formed by removing water (H2O) from two acid molecules, typically referring to a dianhydride when two anhydride units connect through an anhydride linkage. In chemistry, it denotes substances that react with water to yield acids. The term is often used in polymer and pharmaceutical contexts, where anhydrides participate in acyl transfer reactions and ring-opening polymerizations.
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US: rhotic with clear /r/ only after a vowel; the /æ/ is fronted, /haɪ/ is a strong diphthong; AU: rhotic but often with slightly flatter vowel quality; UK: non-rhotic tendencies may soften /r/; ensure the final /aɪd/ is compact and not elongated. IPA references: /ˈæn.haɪ.draɪd/. Focus on sustaining the /aɪ/ into the /d/ without a break. Use minimal pairs to calibrate vowel length differences: bat vs. hat; bad vs. bed; ride vs. raid. For all accents, keep the first syllable stressed and keep the 'haɪ' portion distinct from 'draɪd'.
"The monomer used to form the polymer is a cyclic dianhydride, which creates strong linkages upon curing."
"Acid anhydrides react with water to give two equivalents of carboxylic acid."
"Pharmaceutical synthesis often employs anhydrides to activate carboxyl groups for amide formation."
"Dianhydride resins are valued for their thermal stability and solvent resistance."
The word anhydride comes from the prefix an- (without) and hyde from the Greek hydor meaning water, reflecting the removal of water in its formation. The broader concept of anhydride is rooted in inorganic and organic chemistry, where dehydration reactions form esters and anhydrides from carboxylic acids. The term appears in English usage in the 19th century as chemists described compounds that, upon hydrolysis, yield two carboxylic acids. The specific idea of a dianhydride—two anhydride units connected—emerged as polymer chemists developed polyimide and resin chemistries, with early documented references in mid-20th-century polymer science literature. First known use in English traces to discussions of dehydration products in organic synthesis, evolving to a standard term in industrial chemistry to describe dehydrated acid derivatives used for crosslinking and polymerization. The historical development reflects broader chemical techniques in dehydration, acylation, and condensation reactions that underpin modern materials science and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Words that rhyme with "anhydride"
-ide sounds
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Pronounce as /ˈænˌhaɪdraɪd/ for US and UK accents, with primary stress on the first syllable and a secondary emphasis on the 'hyd-' part. Break it as AN-hy-dride, where 'anhy' sounds like 'an-high' and the final '-dr i d' ends with a crisp 'd'. In IPA: US/UK/AU: ˈæn.haɪ.draɪd. Mouth positions: start with an 'æ' as in cat, raise the tongue toward a diphthong in 'haɪ', then finish with 'dr aid' where 'ai' is the long I sound. For an audio cue, imagine saying 'an' + 'high' + 'ride' quickly but as a single word.
Common errors include misplacing stress by saying an-HY-dride or a-nair-ide, and mispronouncing the diphthong in 'hyd-' as a flat ‘hi’ or an overly drawn-out vowel. Correct by emphasizing the first syllable and treating 'hy' as 'haɪ' (high). Avoid tensing the jaw; let the /æ/ glide into the /h/ and /aɪ/ smoothly, then finalize with /dr aɪ d/. Practice with the two-part breakdown: ANH- YD- RAID sounds, not a staccato 'an-high-dride'.
Across US/UK/AU, the pronunciation is largely the same: ˈæn.haɪ.draɪd, with the main variation being the rhoticity and vowel length. In non-rhotic UK speech, the final /d/ remains, and the preceding vowel qualities may sound crisper due to reduced rhotic coloration. Australian English preserves rhotics but may display shorter vowel durations in some speakers; the 'ai' diphthong tends to be a closer, slightly more centralized starting point. Overall, the stress pattern remains the same: first syllable primary stress.
Two main challenges: the internal sequence '-hy-dri-' has a quick link between 'hy' and 'dri' that can cause a mis-segmentation into 'an- h y- dryde' instead of the smooth /ˈænˌhaɪ.draɪd/. The long I in 'hydra-' is a diphthong /aɪ/ that often shortens in rapid speech, leading to 'an-hy-ride' or 'an-haidr-ide' mispronunciations. Focus on the 'haɪ' diphthong and the 'draɪd' ending. Slow, deliberate practice helps fix this.
There are no silent letters in standard American/UK/AU pronunciations for 'anhydride'; every letter contributes to sound except the silent 'e' in the root is not silent but participates in the final /aɪd/ timing. The key is not to drop the /d/ at the end, and to articulate the /æ/ and /aɪ/ sequences clearly. This keeps the mouth movements precise and avoids a blurred 'anid-ride' reading.
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