Id est is a Latin adverb meaning “that is,” used to clarify or restate a preceding idea. In formal writing, it introduces a precise explanation or restatement, often abbreviated as i.e. in English. The pronunciation is typically treated as two words: /ɪd ɛst/ in careful speech or /aɪ iː ˈɛst/ in anglicized forms, with the Latin pronunciation sometimes preserved in scholarly contexts.
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