Accounting & Finance

Issuers are entities or individuals that issue something—such as securities, licenses, or claims—to the public or a specified audience. In finance, an issuer sells instruments like bonds or stocks; in other contexts, an issuer may grant permits or certificates. The term emphasizes the act of distribution or authorization from an issuing body to recipients, marking an official creation or release of an instrument or entitlement.

Liabilities are financial obligations or debts that a person or company owes to others, typically recorded on a balance sheet. They represent past events or transactions that will likely result in an outflow of resources to settle the obligation. In essence, liabilities measure what you owe, not what you own.

Liability is a legal or financial obligation that someone is responsible for, such as debt or potential risk. It can also refer to the state of being legally answerable for something. In everyday use, it often describes financial exposure or responsibility that could lead to loss or liability insurance coverage.

Liquid is an adjective describing a substance that flows readily and has a definite volume but no fixed shape; it connotes fluidity and smoothness. In metaphorical use, it can describe ideas or movements that are seamless and adaptable, or a liquid tone in music or speech suggests smooth, continuous flow. It is often contrasted with solid and gas in physical contexts.

Liquidation refers to the process of selling off assets, often to settle debts or close a business. It can also mean the act of eliminating or reducing something to its final state. The term is commonly used in finance and law, with a formal, technical nuance.

Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold in the market without affecting its price. It also refers to the availability of liquid assets to meet short‑term obligations. In finance, liquidity combines market depth, transactions volume, and time to convert to cash with minimal loss.

Loan (noun) refers to money lent with expectation of repayment or something lent for temporary use. It encompasses formal financial borrowing, informal borrowed items, and the act of providing funds to someone under agreed terms. The term also appears in phrases like loan agreement and loan shark, reflecting contracts, terms, and lending contexts.

Loans is a plural noun referring to amounts of money borrowed that are to be repaid, often with interest. It can also function as a verb form in some contexts, though in everyday usage it remains primarily a noun. The term appears frequently in finance, banking, and everyday discussions of debt and borrowing.

Noncurrent describes something not in the immediate present or no longer in active use, such as a noncurrent account balance or noncurrent assets in accounting. It can also mean not flowing in the current direction, or not active at the moment. In specialized contexts, it contrasts with current or active status. The term is formal and commonly found in technical writing.

Nonperforming describes an entity—often a company, loan, or asset—that is not meeting its obligations or performing as expected. In finance and law, it denotes overdue or underperforming status; in broader use, it can refer to anything failing to meet standards or duties. The term combines the prefix non- with performing, signaling a negation of performance.

Note refers to a short written symbol expressing a musical pitch or duration, or to a brief communication conveying information. It can also mean a particular degree or record of something (such as a note in accounting). In everyday use, “note” functions as a noun or verb, and it often implies a precise, noteworthy detail or reminder. The term carries both literal and figurative significance across contexts.

Notes refers to written musical symbols or brief recorded messages, or to the act of keeping track or noting information. It denotes concise, discrete pieces of information or musical pitches represented on a staff. In context, it often functions as a plural noun or a verb form (notes) indicating existence, recording, or annotation. The term can carry formal or casual nuance depending on context.

Par is a short, monosyllabic word meaning an equal or standard level, often used in finance, racing, or golf contexts to denote a benchmark. It can function as a noun or verb in different settings, and in everyday speech it may appear in phrases like 'par for the course.' The term carries specialized nuance in professional fields, but remains a concise, quick pronunciation challenge due to its simple vowel-consonant structure in fluent speech.

A pension is a regular payment made to a person after retirement from an employer or the state, funded during working years. It also refers to a small residential building or house, often with a few rooms, historically used for lodging travelers. In modern contexts, it commonly means a retirement income or scheme.

Pensions are regular payments made to individuals after retirement, funded during their working years. They can be provided by governments, employers, or private schemes, and are intended to provide financial security in old age. The term is commonly used in the context of retirement planning and public or private pension schemes.

Promissory is an adjective describing an obligation or promise, typically relating to a formal promise to pay or perform a duty. It is used in legal, financial, and contractual contexts to indicate that something is binding or contingent on a promise, rather than a mere suggestion. The term often appears in phrases like promissory note or promissory obligation, signaling a creditor's expectation based on a stated commitment.

Provision refers to the action of supplying or providing something, especially necessities or resources. It can also denote a clause in a legal document that addresses a condition or stipulation. The term carries formal, technical connotations in contexts like law, logistics, and budgeting, where careful planning and allocation are implied.

Provisional describes something arranged or existing for the present, possibly as a temporary arrangement or condition, with eventual replacement expected. It also refers to a trial or interim status that is subject to later confirmation or change. The term is formal, often used in legal, administrative, and academic contexts to indicate provisional validity or status rather than permanent, final form.

Provisions refers to the supplies and necessities kept for future use, or arrangements or conditions stipulated in a contract. In everyday use, it often means provisions of food and other goods for a trip or expedition, as well as legal provisions or clauses within agreements. The term can also function as a verb meaning to provide for needs, though in practice it’s most common as a noun in plural form.